Penn enjoys a close relationship with other parts of Northern America. Each year, several hundred Canadians study at Penn, and Canada is consistently one of the top five countries of origin for international students at the University. There are active Penn alumni clubs both in Canada (the Penn-Wharton Club of Toronto) and in Bermuda. Since 2014, Penn faculty members have spent over $48 million to carry out research with a component in Northern America (outside of the United States).