World House Student Fellows Policy Projects

The Quadrilateral Security Dialogue, also known as the Quad, is a strategic security dialogue between a group of four countries: the United States, Australia, India, and Japan. The Quad is a loose grouping rather than a formal alliance and there were concerns that the Quad is going to become Asian NATO. This project looks at how the Quad’s commitment to its Southeast Asian constituents involves the provision of four essential public goods: vaccines, disaster infrastructure, climate research & development, and space observation data.

Disinformation has emerged as a defining characteristic of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. Disinformation can be defined as “false or misleading information spread with the intention to deceive,” being “distinct from misinformation, which is the unintentional spread of false information. This project will examine the role media plays in conflict.

This project looks at the Ethiopia-Tigray conflict which has resulted in the death and displacement of hundreds of thousands and left many brutalized by war and famine. This group aims to examine how we might mitigate war crimes and famine in the Tigray conflict and how to prevent third-parties from exacerbating conflict.

The world finds itself in the midst of a global energy crisis. As energy prices skyrocket, stories of energy challenges emerged from different corners of the world: Bangladesh, for example, faced grid failures as its energy supplies, dependent on natural gas imports, were squeezed. Pakistan struggles to cope with power cuts as protests over surging energy prices rock countries such as Ecuador, Ghana, Argentina, and Peru. As the war in Ukraine reveals vulnerabilities in our current global energy supply, climate change calls the entire future of our global energy supply into question. This group will examine the following: the current geopolitical environment surrounding energy supply, energy dependence and access to energy, and economic tools and climate innovations that improve the world’s energy security.

While the impacts of COVID-19 were felt across the world, some countries managed the negative effects on education better than others. This group seeks to answer why the impacts of COVID on education were different in different places. They will examine three countries – Japan, Somali, and America – as case studies and use them as comparison points to demonstrate that contrasting policies regarding school shutdowns as well as tech access led to these differences. Increasing technological access and improving education risk management policies will ensure that countries are better equipped to handle future crises like COVID.

Throughout history, persons around the world have fled their country or territory of origin in response to “refugee-like situations,” such as civil war and armed conflict, and applied for asylum in a host country. However, the asylum-seeking process is laced with various biases on a political, economic, racial, religious, media, and institutional front. In this paper, this project will explore how these biases emerge and manifest, and how such biases impact the process for asylum seekers.

Currently, pharmaceutical and biotech companies operate within a system of patents— intellectual property protections meant to help companies recoup the cost of high investment and high-risk drugs. This limited monopoly power is a staple of the common law tradition, present in varying capacities around most countries of the world as a relic of British colonial power. This project looks at how international patent programs can be adjusted to increase access to COVID vaccines for those in countries with limited access. 

This project aims to introduce the phenomenon known as climate migration in the Lake Chad region of Africa through an examination of how climate change has both exacerbated existing obstacles for the inhabitants seeking relocation, and created new ones. In addition to issues such as violence, poverty, and food insecurity, this paper also highlights how climate change has created legal and governmental gray areas. Pre-existing lack of consensus in the international community on terminology such as 'climate migrants' has rendered many interventions ineffective or otherwise complicated. 

As technology has advanced further than ever before, the attention of both governments and the public has once again turned towards space. When considering the plethora of issues that may arise from mounting international scrutiny on this subject, one pressing concern for governments is the challenge posed by anti-satellite weapons systems (ASAT). This paper looks at the legal regimes surrounding ASATS, the consequences of using such technology, and how the international community can better control their development. 

As China’s technological leadership and markets hare continues to grow, China’s presence in the ITU will not wane, neither will its attempts to shift governance norms falter.  These strategies and engagements are endemic in the ITU ecosystem. Therefore, it is crucial to identify the challenges China’s newfound activism pose for the independent and effective operation of the ITU. This paper  seeks to explore how the ITU, and the UN system can respond to preserve their agency and autonomy. 

This paper explores how donor governments and international institutions can most effectively invest in developing nations to support sustainable development and economic growth. It analyzes both India and Nigeria to understand past national development strategies and foreign aid efforts as well as present challenges to development, such as external debt, climate change, and a global pandemic that continues to wreak havoc on people and markets. 

This project explores taxation reform and how it can be used to create a meaningfully independent non-sovereign state in Palestine, which can then focus on improving the quality of life for everyday people, especially human rights. Specifically, investigating new taxation regimes which will empower the Palestinian Authority, thereby lessening the Israelis military presence, and helping to alleviate the drastic harms to human rights which occur on a daily basis in the region. 

by Archit Dhar, Zuha Noor, Sam Orloff, Andrew Orner, Gabriella Rabito

There is nothing more damaging to a security alliance than its members being at odds. In recent years, Turkey and France have found themselves clashing on multiple fronts, which has threatened the cohesion in NATO. The Turkish-French case is only one of many examples of how Turkish interests have come into odds—in a significant way—with its NATO allies, and even the NATO secretariat itself, in recent years. This project identifies the core problems in the NATO-Turkey relationship, as well as opportunities for reconciliation and resolution.

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Click here to watch the team's presentation.

by Rachel Lambert, Carisa Shah, and Josh Weiner

Southeast Asia is comprised of eleven countries, each with distinctly unique economic, political, and cultural landscapes. As the coronavirus pandemic evolves and the race to develop a vaccine transitions to a race to efficiently and effectively distribute a vaccine, leaders are faced with a series of operational challenges. This project uses the Philippines, Myanmar, and Singapore as case studies to conduct a strategic analysis of vaccine distribution in the region.

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by Abenezer Mechale, Carlos Montes, Gloria Mpundu, Natasha Napolitano, and Claire Sliney

The Kafala System is a system of migration in place in the Gulf Cooperation Council countries (Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates), and in Jordan and Lebanon. Under Kafala, workers’ migration status is tied to their employer (kafil). The Kafala System has come under international attention in recent years because of many reports of human rights abuses against workers. This project examines the historical origins and political economy of the Kafala System and identifies the structures that make women domestic workers in the system particularly vulnerable to exploitation, wage theft, and human rights abuses.

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by George Hollyer, Annie Hsu, Cara Mahoney, Andrea Makamba, and Vita Raskeviciute

From President Trump’s bellicose rhetoric on trade and international cooperation to the rise of nationalist political movements across the globe, it feels like public trust in international institutions is fast receding. Trust in institutions is a cornerstone of their ability to foster cooperation among nations to solve regional problems. This policy project looks at this issue through the European Union and African Union, analyzing the reasons for this decline in trust and its effects on these institutions.

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by Ali Khambati, Sarah Ko, Chonnipha (Jing Jing) Piriyalertsak, Chinaza Ruth Okonkwo, and Guilherme Grupenmacher

The advent of prediction algorithms and deep learning techniques, combined with rapid advances in our ability to collect both structured and unstructured data, has rapidly re-traced the topography of the company/consumer relationship. Corporations like Google and Facebook offer free services entrapping millions of users while collecting behavioral data on the actions, likes and dislikes of each individual. They then utilize this data to target users with advertisements driving record high revenues.  This project looks at the dangerous economic and privacy implications of this phenomenon and explores policy solutions.

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by Ben May, Jimena Nestares, Sriram Tolety, Gabrielle Utomo, and Kevin Xu

Agriculture feeds our global economy. By contributing to the global food supply and supporting the livelihoods for an ocean of small farmers, both predominantly agrarian and service-based economies rely on the success of agriculture. However, climate change threatens to exacerbate pre-existing challenges relating to water shortages and crop viability around the world, and particularly in India's Punjab region. This policy project looks at how social networks in the region could be leveraged to make the agricultural industry more sustainable.

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by Sarah Ko and Tiffany Wang

China’s trade and investment in the African continent have significantly increased over the past decade, sparking controversy even while contributing to economic growth in Africa. Like many Western countries, China is attracted to the resource-rich countries within the continent and the accompanying opportunities for future growth. China’s presence in Africa has sparked major debates about the superpower’s presence in the continent, specifically in regards to human rights. Overall, there appears to be a consensus that China’s willingness to invest in governments with questionable human rights records has prevented transparency and accountability; its non-interference policy in relation to these governments has also contributed to undermining human rights. This project explores the specific human rights abuses perpetrated by China’s technological presence in Africa.

Read the full Policy Project here.

Watch the team's presentation on this issue here.

by Camila Celi, Ruth Lee, Harry Markham, and Andrej Patoski

With the liberalization of the World Trade Organization (WTO), increased access to technology, as well as the rise of China as a global manufacturing power the problem of substandard and falsified (SF) medicines has grown. Correspondingly, the problem of SF drugs has risen into the global consciousness only within the past decade, with the WHO creating a global system to report inferior drugs only in 2013. This project focuses on ways to address the global problem of SF drugs, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, which use most of these drugs.

Read the full Policy Project here.

Read the Project presentation here.

by Karina Shah, Jimena Nestares, Arnav Jagasia, Annie Hsu, Julia Ciocca, and Jonathan Lahdo

Freedom of religion is a fundamental human right, formally recognized by the United Nations in both the 1948 UN Declaration of Human Rights and the 1966 International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. The foreign policy of the United States seeks to promote pluralist, liberal values and secure its national interest. Promoting religious freedom is a powerful tool for protecting human rights, upholding values of expression and equality, and even ensuring American national interests and security. The U.S. government, however, often fails to emphasize the relevance and significance of promoting religious freedom as an instrument of foreign policy.

Read the full Policy Project here.

Watch the team's presentation on this issue here.

by Ransford Antwi, Archit Dhar, George Hollyer, Akosua Mante, Benjamin Perla, and Ji Yoon

The Internet is an essential part of daily life in the modern world, as a key avenue of speech and as a source of information. Hence, its absence could deprive citizens of an indispensable medium of communication, both with each other and with the outside world. However, as the Internet becomes more widely used, the world also sees increasing numbers of Internet shutdowns led by national governments as a means of controlling such information, especially in cases that affect domestic security and stability.

Read the full Policy Project here.

Watch the team's presentation on this issue here.

by Ben May, Alexander Rabin, Kolby Kaller, Chinaza Ruth Okonkwo, and Daniel De Varona Brennan

Transboundary waterways establish national interdependence between the countries who share access to the resource. However, there are no international, legally binding treaties in effect today.  Most of the water-related treaties in Asia are bilateral in nature and cover a range of issues, including the use of hydropower technology, border concerns, water quantity, and economic development. In South Asia, water access has emerged as a potential tool for coercion between nations. Yet, as climate change reduces access to this precious resource across the region, states will be forced to cooperate to ensure mutual survival.

Read the full Policy Project here.

Watch the team's presentation on this issue here.

by Gavin Alcott, Ayina Anyachebelu, Anunya Bahanda, Justin Iannacone, and Ali Khambati

Nearly half a trillion dollars are transferred annually from migrant workers to their families in different nations in the form of remittances. In developing countries, remittances dwarf other forms of capital flow that have grown due to economic globalization. They amount to three times the sum of official development aid and foreign direct investment combined. Despite the magnitude of this global capital flow, few policy tools exist for countries who receive remittances to regulate how they are transferred or spent. Specifically, despite representing a substantial injection of foreign capital into the economies of many developing nations, few countries have developed strategies to ensure that this money contributes to economic development and poverty reduction.

Read the full Policy Project here.

Watch the team's presentation on this issue here.

by Lauren Kahn, Joshua Cristine, Archit Dhar, Elizabeth Peartree, and Andrej Patoski

China’s Social Credit System (SCS) augments the Chinese Communist Party’s (CCP) existing political control methods, which already include massive information collection and surveillance efforts. China created a social credit system to establish “the idea of a sincerity culture, and carrying forward sincerity and traditional virtues…[by utilizing] encouragement to keep trust and constraints against breaking trust as incentive mechanisms, and its objective is raising the honest mentality and credit levels of the entire society.” As of November 2018, 41 cities and 31 provinces across China had implemented localized, individualized versions of the SCS, but it is still unclear as to how (or if) these platforms will be integrated or rolled into the program at the national level. Ultimately world leaders must come together to collectively shun this type of system and the state surveillance apparatus and censorship which laid the groundwork for it. This collective shaming must come not just in the form of national laws and policy behavior, but also externally through the media and the international community. Thus, it is vital that the international community take a stand against such usage of technology and disincentive not only the CCP for its use but other politically vulnerable nations around the globe who may seek to mimic (or buy into) the Chinese system. Transparency, while not a solution, will help to identify breaches and to prosecute abuses where necessary. Steps must be taken to shield overseas Chinese communities from the kinds of CCP encroachment that will only proliferate with functioning and technology-enabled SCS.

Read the Policy Project here.

Listen to their Podcast with Perry World House distinguished global leader-in-residence and former UN High Commissioner for Human Rights Zeid Ra'ad Al Hussein here. 

Listen to their Podcast with Brooking Fellows and Former NSC Director for Strategic Planning Tarun Chhabra here. 

By Arnav Jagasia, Przemyslaw Macholak, Julia Ciocca, and Karina Shah

The National Defense Strategy of the United States of America published in 2018, Sharpening the American Military’s Competitive Edge, shifted US national security priorities to counterbalancing the threat of other great powers, including Russia and China. As suggested in the strategy itself, this change in focus requires “a clear-eyed appraisal of the threats [the United States faces], acknowledgment of the changing character of warfare, and a transformation of how the Department [of Defense] conducts business.” Over the coming decades, the militarization of space is one such threat and a source of the changing character of warfare that the United States must consider. While the launch of the V-2 rocket in 1944 was the first foray into militarizing space, US-Soviet conflict during the Cold War further propelled its militarization. With the advent of space militarization, then, the United States and Soviet Union spearheaded international agreements to regulate activities in space. Both the rise of commercial activity in space and recent developments in Russian, Chinese, and Indian anti-satellite weapons programs, however, necessitate remodeling of the regulatory order established by the United States and the Soviet Union fifty years ago. Specifically, military actions and commercial activities in space in the present-day are fundamentally distinct from those that policymakers addressed at the height of the Cold War. Space is an evolving domain, featuring significant technological change, but the current legal and regulatory approach remains rooted in the twentieth century.

Read the Policy Project here.

Listen to their Podcast with University of Pennsylvania Law School Faculty Mark Nevitt here. 

By Gavin Alcott, Anunya Bahanda, Jay Cammon, and Tari Clement

Lagos is a megacity in the southwest of the Federal Republic of Nigeria with indigenous roots to the Yoruba ethnic group. Lagos holds 20 local governmental jurisdictions, which translate to counties. Together, these counties built Africa’s leading megacity with a growing population of at least 17.5 million (World Population Review, 2019). Before the 1991 transition to Abuja, Lagos was the capital city of Nigeria. Although Abuja now holds most of the political power, Lagos is arguably Nigeria’s most important city for commerce. In fact, although it is the smallest Nigerian state by area, it holds the greatest populous of any Nigerian state, with 27.4% of the nation’s population (Lagos State Government, 2019). Due to the economic potential generated by such a large population, many companies have headquartered there. It is the most populous city in Africa and is a major financial center with one of the busiest trading ports on the continent. Studying Lagos as a case study is useful for analyzing the challenges facing rapidly urbanizing cities in the developing world more generally. Many of the problems facing Lagos such as weak governmental capacity, rapid economic and population growth, insufficient capital for desperately needed infrastructure expansion, issues with informal economies, and concerns of environmental sustainability are common in developing cities across the world. Understanding how some of these challenges can be overcome in the context of Lagos may provide insight in similar situations across the world.

Read the Policy Project here.

Listen to their Podcast with University of Pennsylvania Professor of City and Regional Planning Erick Guerra here.

By Oliver Chan, Annie Hsu, Justin Iannacone, Akosua Mante, and Akanksha Santdasani

The trade war between the United States and China marks a significant development in the two powers’ ongoing balance between competition and cooperation. While President Trump’s rhetoric is not radically new, the measures undertaken in pursuit of his policy goals have come under greater criticism - particularly, the choice to impose blanket tariffs, selective disengagement from the WTO, and the abrupt style in which these policies have been implemented. The effects these policies have on China and the US’ peripheral trading partners are central to our project. In particular, the economies of Southeast Asia have been incredibly intertwined with China and are historically linked to the United States. By nature of the size asymmetry between the major powers and their neighbors, the trade and investment policies of major economic powers often have an outsize impact on regional growth and economic stability. For instance, amidst the current US-China trade war, many Asian economies’ trade-to-GDP ratios are significantly more susceptible to changes in trade balances than China’s.

Read the Policy Project here.

Listen to their podcast with University of Pennsylvania Professor of Law Jacques deLisle here. 

By Frida Aloo, Stephen Damianos, Ruth Lee, and Tiffany Wang

By nature of their status, refugees face numerous challenges to their health, livelihoods, and wellbeing, many of which receive media attention and strategic innovation from politicians and policymakers alike. One challenge, however, operates quietly and in the dark, steeped with stigma and power dynamics: sex work. Many refugees around the world engage in survival sex work as a means of subsistence, and in doing so, subject themselves to dangerous environments that often result in the perpetration of sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV). Refugees are especially vulnerable to SGBV and sexual exploitation due to their legal status and position of marginalization in society. Poverty and related circumstances of being displaced can push refugees into sex work, and host countries often have stringent regulations and laws that present refugees from joining formal labor economies. This paper proposes potential solutions in three concrete spheres: livelihood, accountability, and support.

Read the Policy Project here.

Listen to their Podcast with Roxani Krystali, a program manager at the Feinstein International Center at Tufts University, here. 

By Daniel Brennan, Aneri Kinariwalla, Bryce Klehm, and Eliana Salmon

This project was undertaken and is now presented, in two distinct portions: a situation assessment of the relationship between Russia and Iran, and a policy proposal to address the challenges that the Russo-Iranian relationship presents to the United States and its interests. In our situation assessment, we identified four key pillars of Russo-Iranian cooperation, provided a brief summary of the significance of each, and offered insights into how each particular domain was likely to develop going forward. The four domains of Russo-Iranian cooperation we examined are: nuclear technology transfers from Russia to Iran, joint ventures in the exploitation of regional oil reserves, military operations in the Syrian Civil War, and diplomatic efforts each country is making separately to court regional players Israel and Saudi Arabia. We found that while each one of these regions of cooperation posed concerns for U.S. interests, they were not part of a coordinated relationship-building campaign but rather a series of collaborations between two opportunistic states looking to advance their own, diverging, long term interests in the Middle East. When considered collectively these areas of cooperation do not indicate Russia and Iran are moving towards a lasting strategic alliance. Iran’s interest in securing regional prominence on its own terms will cause Tehran to remain skeptical of Moscow, whose involvement in the region is reminiscent of past Soviet and Imperial incursions into the Middle East. Meanwhile, Moscow’s preoccupation with countering the United States will make it unlikely to court an ally whose contribution to Russia’s global efforts would be marginal. However, given that these pillars of cooperation are currently presenting challenges to United States interests, a policy response to protect these interests is still warranted.

Read the Policy Project here.

Listen to their podcast with University of Pennsylvania Professor of Russian and East European Studies Mitchell A. Orenstein here. 

By Alexis Montouris Ciambotti, Conner Evans, Przemek Macholak, Benjamin Perla, Akanksha Santdasani, Kamelia Stavreva, Vishnu Rachakonda, and Wenjia Zhu

This project examined recent trends in how artificial intelligence techology is developed and deployed, and the potential effects these could have. It examined private sector partnerships with the U.S. armed forces on new technologies; how A.I. could lead to the automation of many tasks currently done by humans, and how this may impact the economy; how China is heavily investing in A.I. research and development; and more. This project also puts forward economic and defense policy recommendations to offset the potential negative effects of A.I.

Read the Policy Project here. 

By Daniel De Varona Brennan, Julia Ciocca, Kathryn Dura, Karina Shah, Jake van Arkel, and Maxim Yulis

In recent years, Russia has adopted 'hybrid warfare' - a broad strategy of attack which covers tactics from meddling in U.S. presidential elections,. to a nerve agent attack in the U.K., to military deployments in Eastern Europe and the Middle East. Given the effectiveness of this strategy, how can the international community fight back? This policy project looks at how U.S. authorities can effectively craft international sanctions against the Russian government to counter hybrid warfare. 

Read the full Policy Project here. 

By Mathilde Beniflah, Alex Kaplan, Elizabeth Peartree, Madiha Samadi, and Hani Warith

This project explored the issue of climate migration, as growing numbers of people around the world are forced from their homes by climate change. With cities playing an increasingly important role in global governance, the team focused on how cities can react to this issue, looking at what can be done at the municipal level to effectively accommodate climate refugees, and what frameworks are already in place to support them. The project includes a number of case studies, including Houston, Texas, which took in around 250,000 people after Hurricane Katrina in 2005; and Dhaka, Bangladesh, which gains 2,000 new residents a day, many of whom are climate migrants. 

Read the full Policy Project here. 

By Gavin Alcott, Christian Butts, Navya Dasari, Andro Mathewson, and Ji Yoon

In 1994, Rwanda was engulfed by a bloody genocide that took the lives of up to 800,000 people in just 100 days, despite the presence of UN peacekeeping forces and the attention of the international community. Following this and other failures to intervene effectively in humanitarian crises, UN member nations voted to adopt the 'Responsibility to Protect' doctrine in 2005, which created a precedent for responding to such crises. But how effective has this initiative been? This policy project looked at the practical question of how best to implement interventions in humanitarian crises, and put forward strategies for intervention that could be used by a wide range of actors in the international space. 

Read the full Policy Project here. 

By Sarah Baer, Oliver Chan, Carter Goodwin, Arnav Jagasia, Aneri Kinariwalla, and Akosua Mante

According to recent estimates, just over 10% of the world's population lives on less than $1.90 per day, and hundreds of millions of people die each year due to lack of access to food, clean water, and adequate healthcare. The gap between the 'haves' and 'have-nots' continues to grow in an increasingly globalized economy, and climate change is expected to further worsen humanitarian crises around the world. Community development is often seen as a solution to these issues, but what is the best approach? This project compares two schools of thought in development policy - breadth-based aid versus depth-based aid - and aims to illuminate the most effective strategies. 

Read the full Policy Project here. 

By Mathilde Beniflah, I Vivek Kai-Wen, Alex Kaplan, and Akanksha Santdasani

The Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, or AIIB, is one of the most recent additions to a long list of multilateral development institutions. But what is its ultimate purpose, and how will it fit into the existing development ecosystem? This policy project offers a comprehensive analysis of the AIIB, drawing on historical evidence, official documents, press releases, comparative cases, and interviews with experts and current and former AIIB staff members. It looks at how some elements of the AIIB's structure make it a good candidate for filling the gap on infrastructure financing in the Asia-Pacific region, but that its financing could become problematic. 

Read the full Policy Project here. 

By Conner Evans, Andrew Parsons, Madiha Samadi, Jamie Seah, and Caroline Wallace

By the end of 2015, over 65 million people around the world had been displaced by conflict, persecution, violence, or human rights violations. More than 21 million of these people were refugees, many of them seeking refuge in another country. The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) works with governments in these host countries to run camps that provide shelter and services to refugees, and to facilitate refugee integration. This policy project provides recommendations for UNHCR on how to leverage new technologies like drones, smartphones, and online platforms to alleviate the many challenges facing refugees.

Read the full Policy Project here. 

By Miebaka Anga, Sarah Baer, Du'Aa Moharram, Stephanie Petrella, and Aminata Sy

Throughout world history, women have been underrepresented in politics, and this has led to women having less access to the political process. In turn, this lack of access enables continuing social, political, and economic inequality based on gender. Looking at case studies and specific laws in countries like Argentina, Rwanda, and France, this project explores how democratic countries can increase women's political participation, and puts forward recommendations to amplify women's voices in the political sphere. 

Read the full Policy Project here. 

By Carter Goodwin, Kamelia Stavreva, Hani Warith, and Viviane Weinstabl

The UNHCR estimates that over 60% of refugees live in urban environments. While refugee camps usually offer protection, shelter, food, and healthcare, they are ultimately temporary structures with great limitations. It is imperative that refugees have fundamental rights in their home country, including the ability to work, so that they can integrate economically and avoid exploitation. This project conducts case studies of three diverse cities that have become resettlement hot spots for refugees, and offers recommendations to successfully integrate refugees into foreign workforces. 

Read the full Policy Project here. 

By Itai Barside, Louis Davis, Kathryn Dura, Rodrigo Ornelas, and Ariel Smith

One of the most important trends in international politics over the last generation is the development of cyber capabilities, which can advance a number of state and non-state actor objectives - from industrial espionage, to political interference. This policy paper develops a five-stage model of cyber activities, and uses this to explain key risks and possibilities in the cyber domain, and looks at how risks can be countered.

Read the full Policy Project here.